The names of the three dynasties, cholas, pandyas, and cheras, are. One of his battles was against the cholas where he suffered a. Pandya dynasty project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Sangam age is the period of history of ancient dynasties of cholas, cheras and pandyas. South india, during the sangam age, was ruled by three dynastiesthe cheras, cholas and pandyas. The king was the head of the administration of the cholas and all powers were concentrated in his hands. Which books should i read to know more about south indian history. Ancient indian history chola dynasty tutorialspoint.
Ancient bookshelf great vedas and epics books of ancient india. An internal crisis in the pandya empire coincided with the khalji invasion of south india in 1011. The cholas were a tamil kingdom of the pre and post sangam period 600 bce 300 ce. List of historical fiction about cholas score a books total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book. In 9th century, the cholas gained control and overthrew the pallavas. The cheras, cholas and pandyas also controlled the ports of muziris muchiri. The region of kanchi was also part of the cholas kingdom. The cheras controlled the region of presentday kerala and also the western parts of tamilnadu.
The cholas have occupied the region of kaveri delta and the adjoining area. The pandyas controlled the pearl fisheries along the south indian coast between sri lanka and india, producing some of the finest pearls known. Aug 31, 2011 founded in 2006, historum is a history forum dedicated to history discussions and historical events. Literary bookshelf tamil literary book collections. Pandyas were one of the three ancient tamil kingdoms chola and chera.
Pandya dynasty dynasties of ancient india history for. Pandya dynasty dynasties of ancient india history for kids. Which books should i read to know more about south indian. What is the symbol of pallavas, pandyas and cheras gk. Few historians now believe that ancient chera kingdom included the todays kerala but separated. The pandyas of ucchangi 9thth century, in the tungabhadra valley were related to the pandyas of madurai. Each of the sangam dynasties had a royal emblem carp for the pandyas, tiger for the cholas and bow for the cheras. Mar 17, 2020 muvendar, the three crowned kings, three royal families cheras, cholas and pandyas controlled major agrarian territories, trade routes and towns. It is from these colophons and rarely from the texts of the poems themselves. In the last videos, we studied about foreign and native rulers of postmauryan period. During their history, the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one. In 994 ad, rajaraja destroyed the fleet of the chera king bhaskara ravi varman thiruvadi in the kandalur war. From the cholas the hegemony of the south passed to the cheras and later to the pandyas.
Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Pattinappalai portrays his life and military conquests. The main source of information about these kingdoms is traced from the literary references of sangam period. Our community welcomes everyone from around the world to discuss world history, historical periods, and themes in history military history, archaeology, arts and culture, and history in books and movies. The cheras, the pandyas and the cholas together constituted as the main warring iron age tamil kingdoms.
A very good book in this regard would be a history of south india from. Samacheer kalvi 9th social science history solutions chapter. Along with pandyas and cheras, chola history goes back to the period where written records were scarce. The place of the cholas was taken over by the pandyas and the hoysalas. History chola empire history of ancient, medieval and. The cholas 300s bce1279 ce controlled the central and northern parts of tamil nadu. If not in history books, here is a chance to read of the maritime king. May 23, 20 pandya kingdom refers to the pandyas of mahabharata period about whom, we only know from the traditional legends and epics. They had managed to establish hegemony over the pandyas and cheras and their influence was even felt beyond the traditional boundaries of the tamil country. Sangam literature believes that the dynasties of chola, chera, and pandya belong to immemorial antiquity. The pandyas, cheras and the sinhalas allied against the cholas. Many sangam poems mention the battle of venni where he defeated the confederacy of cheras, pandyas and eleven minor chieftains.
Read to know more about the political history of sanga period for ias exam. It was one of the three main kingdoms of the ancient tamil country. Only due to their dependence with cholas and cheras they could continue free movement and carry out trade along the. Pallava king narasimhavarman defeated the chalukyas in 642ad. For next 300 years, pallavas remained minor rulers, till they finally faded out. Abraham despite the amount of archaeological research that has been carried out in south india, our understanding of the south indian protohistoric period is still, in many ways, in its infancy. Mar 29, 2016 other regional powers, such as the cheras, hoysalas and kakatiyas were also defeated, and the pandyas emerged as the new dominant power in southern india.
King karikala was a famous king of the sangam cholas. Chola art and architecture one of the legacies of the chola empire that can still be seen today is their art and architecture. Pandyas are also mentioned in the pillars of ashoka inscribed 273 232 bce. Even though the earliest extant tamil literary works, such as the kaliththokai, mention a tamil continent called kumari kandam, which was ruled by pandyas and the cheras for 10,000 years, before getting submerged in the western indian ocean, the. Cholas rule forms an important part in the history of south india. In his inscriptions ashoka refers to the peoples of south india the cholas, cheras, pandyas and satiyaputras as recipients of his buddhist proselytism. Apr 28, 2017 in the last videos, we studied about foreign and native rulers of postmauryan period. The pandyan or pandian dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera. The history of the cheras was marked by continuous fight with the cholas and the pandyas. Chola dynasty, rulers of chola dynasty, chola dynasty of. Together with the cholas of uraiyur and the pandyas of madurai, the early cheras were known as one of the three major powers muventar of ancient tamilakam a macro region in south india in the early centuries of the common era. The capital of later cheras was kulashekarapuram and mahodayapuram.
Dynastic names such as cheras, pandyas, chalukyas and cholas swim vaguely in the consciousness, but the details remain largely unknown. May 23, 20 however, pandyas, cheras and the cholas were mentioned in surviving tamil literature comprising of chilappatikaram, tirukkural etc, complementing their mention in the existing sanskrit literature viz. During the sangam age, it was ruled by three dynastiesthe cheras, cholas and pandyas. Cheras were the allies of pandyas for a long time as compared to the cholas. Apr 08, 20 the pandyas controlled the pearl fisheries along the south indian coast between sri lanka and india, producing some of the finest pearls known.
The extensive and sometimes mythical history of the chola. Among the political powers of the sangam age, the cheras, the cholas and the pandyas occupied preeminent positions. The chera dynasty or cera was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of kerala and tamil nadu in southern india. The tamils in fact believed, that the three monarchies of the cheras, cholas and pandyaa were of immortal antiquity, dating from the time of creation. Three states, namely, cholas, cheras, and pandya emerged in south india. During their history, the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas, hoysalas, cheras keralas. He is said to have fed both the armies at kurukshetra war and so had earned the title of udiyanjiral. The early cholas of the sangam era were one of the most dominant political force in the tamil country. The name sangam is given after the academies of poets in pandyas capital, madurai. The descendants of the chola,the cheras and the pandyas.
It saw remarkable progress in almost all spheres of life such as polity, culture and economy. The cheras established their rule in the 3rd century bc and ruled till the twelfth century ad. Later in the ninth century, they were defeated by joint forces of pandyas and cholas. A very good book in this regard would be a history of south india from prehistoric times to the fall of vijayanagar by k.
According to poet bhangudi marudan the first ruler of this dynasty was nediyan. The pandyas, along with the cheras and the cholas, are considered to be among the oldest indian dynasties. The pandyan king sundara rendered the final blow by seizing kanchi in 1297 a. Southern kingdoms the chera, chola and pandyas dynasties. The pandyas are mentioned as the hosts of the third tamil sangam 3 rd century bc3 rd century ce, and as hosts of the supposedly even earlier first two sangams. Aug 31, 2011 the descendants of the chola,the cheras and the pandyas. The region of tamil nadu or tamilakam, in the southeast of modern india, shows evidence of.
They ruled in the south of india from the 9th to th century. The colas cholas were by far the most important dynasty in the subcontinent at this time, although their activities mainly affected the rajadhiraja reigned 104454 fought the pandyas and cheras and defeated the western chalukya ruler someshvara i in 1046, but he was killed at the battle of. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india shinu a. The latter were ousted by the pallavas, who later on became the suzerain power of southern india. Their core area of rule was the kaveri delta, later known as cholamandalam. The chera kings assumed titles like vanavaramban, vanavan, kuttuvan, irumporai and villavar, the chola kings like senni, valavan and killi and the pandya kings thennavar and minavar. The muvendhar controlled the major towns and ports of the sangam period. Chera dynasty dynasties of ancient india history for kids youtube. They had amicable relationship with the cheras of the malabar coast. The area lying to the south of river krishna and tungabhadra is called south india.
626 1400 834 399 636 645 960 279 481 1403 733 390 1049 538 1482 557 1164 203 1011 553 909 191 586 861 1216 714 731 302 1419 79 1191 470 1462